13.07.2016 | Steffen Mall | comment icon

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Best practice in order to integrate liquibase in JUnit – using hibernate JPA with in memory h2 database combined with mockito

In addition to my first liquibase post “basics of continuous database integration with liquibase” I give you some best practice in order to

integrate liquibase in junit – using hibernate JPA with in memory h2 database
use mockito to inject the entity manager in a JUnit test

Execute liquibase db.changelog.xml with hibernate JPA and h2 in memory database

Let us start with a simple JUnit test to test our db.changelog.xml file with hibernate JPA entitymanager.

If you don´t have a db.changelog.xml file in your project, just add an example db.changelog.xml.

<databaseChangeLog xmlns="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog/dbchangelog-3.0.xsd">

	<changeSet author="steffen.mall@exxeta.com" id="example changeset to create a simple table">
		<createTable tableName="USER">
			<column name="ID" type="LONG">
				<constraints nullable="false" />
			</column>
			<column name="NAME" type="VARCHAR(50)">
				<constraints nullable="false" />
			</column>
			<column name="EMAIL" type="VARCHAR(50)">
				<constraints nullable="true" />
			</column>
		</createTable>
		<addPrimaryKey tableName="USER" columnNames="ID" />
	</changeSet>

</databaseChangeLog>

<databaseChangeLog xmlns="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog/dbchangelog-3.0.xsd">

</column>

</column>

</column>

</createTable>

</changeSet>

</databaseChangeLog>

In our JUnit test we use an in memory h2 database and hibernate JPA. Therefore, just add these dependencies to your pom.xml.

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
    <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
    <version>1.4.192</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
    <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
    <version>4.2.14</version>
    <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>junit</groupId>
    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
    <version>4.12</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

<groupId>com.h2database</groupId>

</dependency>

<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>

<artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>

<scope>provided</scope>

</dependency>

<groupId>junit</groupId>

<artifactId>junit</artifactId>

</dependency>

Afterwards create your persistence.xml in your test folder (src\test\resources\META-INF). Using h2 in memory database – the connection url looks like jdbc:h2:mem:your-test-db;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1;MVCC=true. H2 database store the data In-Memory, this is useful to build and teardown easily a temporary database.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<persistence version="2.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence
        http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_0.xsd">
	<persistence-unit name="YOUR_UNIT_NAME">
		<properties>
			<property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect" />
			<property name="hibernate.connection.url" value="jdbc:h2:mem:your-test-db;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1;MVCC=true" />
			<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class" value="org.h2.Driver" />
		</properties>
	</persistence-unit>
</persistence>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<persistence version="2.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xsi:schemaLocation="

http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence

http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_0.xsd">

<persistence-unit name="YOUR_UNIT_NAME">

</properties>

</persistence-unit>

</persistence>

Finally create a JUnit test and execute the liquibase file. To get an instance of liquibase you need an instance of liquibase.database.Database and the database needs a java.sql.Connection. For this reason you need to create an instance of the entity manager to get this connetction e.g.:

EntityManager em = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(UNIT_NAME).createEntityManager();

1	EntityManager em = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(UNIT_NAME).createEntityManager();

After this use the hibernate session to get the connection e.g.:

Connection connection = ((SessionFactoryImpl) 
em.unwrap(Session.class).getSessionFactory()).getConnectionProvider().getConnection()

1 2	Connection connection = ((SessionFactoryImpl) em.unwrap(Session.class).getSessionFactory()).getConnectionProvider().getConnection()

Finally get an instance of liquibase database and liquibase instance to execute the db.changelog.xml. Execute the db.changlog.xml and drop database after the test e.g.:

Database database = DatabaseFactory.getInstance().findCorrectDatabaseImplementation(new JdbcConnection(connection));

Liquibase liquibase = new Liquibase("db.changelog.xml", new ClassLoaderResourceAccessor(), database);
liquibase.update("test");
liquibase.dropAll();

Database database = DatabaseFactory.getInstance().findCorrectDatabaseImplementation(new JdbcConnection(connection));

Liquibase liquibase = new Liquibase("db.changelog.xml", new ClassLoaderResourceAccessor(), database);

liquibase.update("test");

liquibase.dropAll();

package com.exxeta.blog.liquibase;

import java.sql.Connection;

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.Persistence;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.internal.SessionFactoryImpl;
import org.junit.Test;

import liquibase.Liquibase;
import liquibase.database.Database;
import liquibase.database.DatabaseFactory;
import liquibase.database.jvm.JdbcConnection;
import liquibase.resource.ClassLoaderResourceAccessor;

public class DBChangelogFileTest {

	private static final String UNIT_NAME = "YOUR_UNIT_NAME";

	@Test
	public void testDbChangelogFile() throws Exception {
		// Get entity manager
		EntityManager em = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(UNIT_NAME).createEntityManager();

		// Get connection from entitymanager
		Connection connection = ((SessionFactoryImpl) em.unwrap(Session.class).getSessionFactory()).getConnectionProvider().getConnection();

		// Get liquibase database
		Database database = DatabaseFactory.getInstance().findCorrectDatabaseImplementation(new JdbcConnection(connection));

		// Get liquibase instance / execute update / drop
		Liquibase liquibase = new Liquibase("db.changelog.xml", new ClassLoaderResourceAccessor(), database);
		liquibase.update("test");
		liquibase.dropAll();
	}
}

package com.exxeta.blog.liquibase;

import java.sql.Connection;

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;

import javax.persistence.Persistence;

import org.hibernate.Session;

import org.hibernate.internal.SessionFactoryImpl;

import org.junit.Test;

import liquibase.Liquibase;

import liquibase.database.Database;

import liquibase.database.DatabaseFactory;

import liquibase.database.jvm.JdbcConnection;

import liquibase.resource.ClassLoaderResourceAccessor;

public class DBChangelogFileTest {

private static final String UNIT_NAME = "YOUR_UNIT_NAME";

@Test

public void testDbChangelogFile() throws Exception {

// Get entity manager

EntityManager em = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(UNIT_NAME).createEntityManager();

// Get connection from entitymanager

Connection connection = ((SessionFactoryImpl) em.unwrap(Session.class).getSessionFactory()).getConnectionProvider().getConnection();

// Get liquibase database

Database database = DatabaseFactory.getInstance().findCorrectDatabaseImplementation(new JdbcConnection(connection));

// Get liquibase instance / execute update / drop

Liquibase liquibase = new Liquibase("db.changelog.xml", new ClassLoaderResourceAccessor(), database);

liquibase.update("test");

liquibase.dropAll();

}

INFORMATION: Successfully acquired change log lock
INFORMATION: Creating database history table with name: PUBLIC.DATABASECHANGELOG
INFORMATION: Reading from PUBLIC.DATABASECHANGELOG
INFORMATION: Reading from PUBLIC.DATABASECHANGELOG
INFORMATION: db.changelog.xml: example changeset to create a simple table::steffen.mall@exxeta.com: Table USER created
INFORMATION: db.changelog.xml: example changeset to create a simple table::steffen.mall@exxeta.com: Primary key added to USER (ID)
INFORMATION: db.changelog.xml: example changeset to create a simple table::steffen.mall@exxeta.com: ChangeSet db.changelog.xml::example changeset to create a simple table::steffen.mall@exxeta.com ran successfully in 9ms
INFORMATION: Successfully released change log lock
INFORMATION: Successfully acquired change log lock
INFORMATION: Dropping Database Objects in schema: your-test-db.PUBLIC
INFORMATION: Creating database history table with name: PUBLIC.DATABASECHANGELOG
INFORMATION: Successfully released change log lock

INFORMATION: Successfully acquired change log lock

INFORMATION: Creating database history table with name: PUBLIC.DATABASECHANGELOG

INFORMATION: Reading from PUBLIC.DATABASECHANGELOG

INFORMATION: db.changelog.xml: example changeset to create a simple table::steffen.mall@exxeta.com: Table USER created

INFORMATION: db.changelog.xml: example changeset to create a simple table::steffen.mall@exxeta.com: Primary key added to USER (ID)

INFORMATION: db.changelog.xml: example changeset to create a simple table::steffen.mall@exxeta.com: ChangeSet db.changelog.xml::example changeset to create a simple table::steffen.mall@exxeta.com ran successfully in 9ms

INFORMATION: Successfully released change log lock

INFORMATION: Successfully acquired change log lock

INFORMATION: Dropping Database Objects in schema: your-test-db.PUBLIC

INFORMATION: Creating database history table with name: PUBLIC.DATABASECHANGELOG

INFORMATION: Successfully released change log lock

Everything is fine and your db.changelog.xml is tested and ready for other stages. With this simple test you are able to verify the validity of your liquibase file without starting your application server. Additional you can use the trick to setup your database as a base of other test cases.

Additional tip to integrate liquibase using mockito

If you have already integrated JPA tests in your JUnit test landscape – do not use auto ddl in JUnit and liquibase in your live project. You can also use your real db.changelog.xml to setup your test database. In my short example I will use the power of mockito to inject the entitymanager into the example DAO. Setup the database via liquibase db.changelog.xml, use the DAO to execute some database operation or something else. Feel free to implement your abstraction according to your test landscape.

package com.exxeta.blog.liquibase;

import java.sql.Connection;

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.Persistence;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.internal.SessionFactoryImpl;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
import org.mockito.Spy;
import org.mockito.runners.MockitoJUnitRunner;

import liquibase.Liquibase;
import liquibase.database.Database;
import liquibase.database.DatabaseFactory;
import liquibase.database.jvm.JdbcConnection;
import liquibase.resource.ClassLoaderResourceAccessor;

@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class DAOSampleTest {

	private static final String UNIT_NAME = "YOUR_UNIT_NAME";

	@InjectMocks
	private MyDAO myDao;
	
	@Spy
	private EntityManager em = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(UNIT_NAME).createEntityManager();
	
	@Before
	public void setUpDatabase() throws Exception {
		// Get connection from entitymanager
		Connection connection = ((SessionFactoryImpl) em.unwrap(Session.class).getSessionFactory()).getConnectionProvider().getConnection();

		// Get liquibase database
		Database database = DatabaseFactory.getInstance().findCorrectDatabaseImplementation(new JdbcConnection(connection));

		// Get liquibase instance / execute update / drop
		Liquibase liquibase = new Liquibase("db.changelog.xml", new ClassLoaderResourceAccessor(), database);
		liquibase.update("test");
		liquibase.dropAll();
	}
	
	@Test
	public void testSomeEntities() {
		...
		...
		myDao.create(new User("name", "name@domain.com"));
		...
		...
	}
}

package com.exxeta.blog.liquibase;

import java.sql.Connection;

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;

import javax.persistence.Persistence;

import org.hibernate.Session;

import org.hibernate.internal.SessionFactoryImpl;

import org.junit.Before;

import org.junit.Test;

import org.junit.runner.RunWith;

import org.mockito.InjectMocks;

import org.mockito.Spy;

import org.mockito.runners.MockitoJUnitRunner;

import liquibase.Liquibase;

import liquibase.database.Database;

import liquibase.database.DatabaseFactory;

import liquibase.database.jvm.JdbcConnection;

import liquibase.resource.ClassLoaderResourceAccessor;

@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)

public class DAOSampleTest {

private static final String UNIT_NAME = "YOUR_UNIT_NAME";

@InjectMocks

private MyDAO myDao;

@Spy

private EntityManager em = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(UNIT_NAME).createEntityManager();

@Before

public void setUpDatabase() throws Exception {

// Get connection from entitymanager

Connection connection = ((SessionFactoryImpl) em.unwrap(Session.class).getSessionFactory()).getConnectionProvider().getConnection();

// Get liquibase database

Database database = DatabaseFactory.getInstance().findCorrectDatabaseImplementation(new JdbcConnection(connection));

// Get liquibase instance / execute update / drop

Liquibase liquibase = new Liquibase("db.changelog.xml", new ClassLoaderResourceAccessor(), database);

liquibase.update("test");

liquibase.dropAll();

}

@Test

public void testSomeEntities() {

...

myDao.create(new User("name", "name@domain.com"));

...

}

java ee jpa junit liquibase mockito

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